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<small>Hierarchical Path: [[Main Page|Seven Years War (Main Page)]] &gt;&gt; [[States]] &gt;&gt; {{PAGENAME}}</small> {| cellpadding="10" width="90%" |- valign="top" |'''Capital'''||Regensburg where the Reichstag (Imperial Diet) assembled |- valign="top" |'''Language(s)'''||mostly German |- valign="top" |'''Religion'''||various christian religions: Catholic, Calvinist, Lutheran... |- valign="top" |'''Population'''||''n/a'' |- valign="top" |'''Government'''||In 1512, the Habsburg emperor Maximilian I organised the Holy Roman Empire into 10 administrative '''Reichskreise''' (Imperial Circles or more precisely Imperial Districts). These districts, included a total of some 2,000 independent states and individuals. Precise regulations were established for the raising and maintenance of the so called ''[[Reichsarmee]] '' (the Empire's army). The territories holders were the secular and ecclesiastical elector-princes and princes with their numerous titles, priories, counts, barons, and imperial free cities. 300 immediate territories were to provide their prefixed contingent and pay their pre-estimated so called ''Römermonate'' (Roman months). Besides these territories, more than 1,400 immediate imperial estates (''unmittelbare Reichslande'') of the Rhenish, Swabian, and Franconian knighthoods were not part of any district and, thus, not obliged to contribute troops, nor did they pay ''Römermonate''. Their tribute was the co called "subsidium charitativum" instead – an irregular wartime ex-gratita donation. The 10 districts constituting the Holy Roman Empire were: '''Austria''' The archduke of Austria, the bishop of Trient, the bishop of Brixen, the Teutonic Order, the ruler of Dietrichstein. '''Bavaria''' The archbishop of Salzburg, the elector of Bayern (Neuburg-Wittelsbach), the bishop of Freising, the elector von der Pfalz (Neuburg-Wittelsbach) as the ruler of Neuburg, the count palatine of Sulzbach (Sulzbach-Wittelsbach), the bishop of Regensburg, the duke of Bavaria, the bishop of Passau, ruler Lobkowitz as the count of Sternberg, the ruler-provost of Bechtesgaden, the ruler-abbot of St. Emmeran in Regensburg, the ruler-abbess of Nieder-Münster in Regensburg, the ruler-abbess of Ober-Münster in Regensburg, the count of Wolfstein as the head of Sulzburg and Pyrbaum, the count of Hohen-Waldeck (house Mäxelrain), the count of Tilly as the head of Breiteneck , the imperial city of Regensburg. '''Burgundy''' The Spanish House of Habsburg. '''Franconia''' The bishop of Bamberg, the bishop of Würzburg, the margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth or Kulmbach, the bishop of Eichstädt, the margrave of Brandenburg-Anspach or Onolzbach, the house Saxony and the landgrave of Hessen-Kassel as the count of Henneberg, the ruler of Schwarzenberg, the ruler and count of Löwenstein-Wertheim, the Teutonic Order, the counts of Hohenlohe, the counts of Kastel, the counts of Nostiz-Rieneck, the counts of Erbach, the counts of Limburg, the counts of Geyer, the counts of Schönborn, the imperial cities of Nürnberg, Rothenburg o.d. Tauber, Windsheim, Schweinfurt and Weissenburg) ''Special notes on the prince-diocese of Würzburg'' The prince-bishop of Würzburg, count Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim, was among the more active supporters of Habsburg Imperial policy. From April 1756, he was also bishop of the diocese of Bamberg. Both provinces were situated within the Empire's Franconian district. The prince-bishop raised some troops at his own expense. '''Electoral Rhenish District''' The elector archbishop of Mainz, the elector archbishop of Trier, the elector archbishop of Köln, the elector von der Pfalz (Neuburg-Wittelsbach), the duke of Arenberg, the Teutonic Order, the ruler of Nassau-Hadamar as the count of Beilstein, the count of Sinzendorf as the burgrave of Rheineck, the count of Kronberg. 1. Elector archbishop of Mainz (Kurmainz) :Mainz was ruled by prince-elector count Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein, archbishop of Mainz, bishop of the dioceses of Worms and Erfurt. As arch-chancellor of Germany, he was the senior among the college of 7 German electors. 2. Elector archbishop of Cologne (Kurköln) :Clemens August of Wittelsbach/Bavaria (an uncle of Bavaria's reigning prince-elector Maximilian III Joseph) was one of the more prominent rulers among the German princes. He was prince-elector and archbishop of Cologne, prince-bishop of Münster, bishop of the dioceses of Paderborn, Osnabrück and Hildesheim, Grandmaster of the Teutonic Order, abbot of Stablo and Malmedy. His widespread territories made up for a number of the more wealthy and densely populated provinces of the Roman-German Empire. '''Lower Saxony''' The elector of Brandenburg as the duke of Magdeburg and ruler of Halberstadt, the king of Sweden as the duke of Bremen, the elector and the dukes of Braunschweig, the dukes of Mecklenburg, the king of Danmark as the duke of Holstein and master of Pinneburg, the duke of Holstein-Gottorp as the joint owner of the duchy Holstein, the bishop of Hildesheim, the bishop of Lübeck, the counts of Ranzau, the imperial cities Lübeck, Goslar, Mühlhausen, Nordhausen, Hamburg and Bremen. '''Swabia''' The bishop of Konstanz, the bishop of Augsburg, the ruler-provost zu Ellwangen, the ruler-abbot zu Kempten, the duke of Württemberg and Teck, the margraves of Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach, the rulers of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, the ruler-abbess of Buchau, the ruler Auersperg as count of Thengen, the rulers of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg and the counts of Fürstenberg-Stühlingen and Fürstenberg-Möskirch, the rulers and counts of Oettingen, the ruler of Schwarzenberg as the landgrave im Klettau, the ruler of Lichtenstein, the abbots of Salmannsweiler, Weingarten, Ochsenhausen, Elchingen, Yrsee, Urperg, Kaysersheim, Roggenburg, Roth, Weissenau, Schussenried, Marchtal, Petershausen, Wettenhausen, Zwiefalten and Gegenbach, the abbesses of Hegbach, Gutenzell, Rothmünster and Baindt, the Teutonic Order, the elector of Bayern as the master zu Mindelheim, Schwabeck and Wiesensteig, the count of Montfort as the master zu Tettnang and Argen, the counts Truchsessen von Waldburg, the counts Königseck, the counts Fugger, the counts of Honenembs, the barons of Freiburg as the masters of Justingen, the abbot of St. Blasien as the master of the county Bondorf, the count of Traun and Abensberg as the master zu Egloff, the burgraves of Sinzendorf as the masters zu Thannhausen, the noble masters von der Leyen as the owners of the county Hohengeroldseck, the count of Grafeneck as the master zu Eglingen, the imperial cities of Augsburg, Ulm, Esslingen, Reutlingen, Nördlingen, Schwäbisch Hall, Überlingen, Rottweil, Heilbronn, Gmünd, Memmingen, Lindau, Dinkelsbühl, Biberach, Ravensberg, Kempten, Kaufbeuren, Weil, Wangen, Isni, Leutkirch, Wimpffen, Giengen, Pfullendorf, Buchhorn, Aalen, Bopfingen, Buchau, Gengenbach, Zell am Hammersbach, Offenburg and Donauwörth. '''Upper Rhine''' The bishop of Worms, the bishop of Speyer, the bishop of Strassburg, the bishop of Basel, the ruler-abbot of Fulda, the Johanniter Order, the archbishop of Trier as the provost of Prüm and for the part of castle Münzfelden, the empire-provost of Odenheim, the elector of the Pfalz als the ruler of Simmern, Lautern and Veldenz and as the joint owner of the county Sponnheim, the count palatine of Sulzbach as the joint owner of the principality Veldenz, the king of Sweden as the duke of Zweibrücken, the count palatine of Birkenfeld as the joint owner of the principality Veldenz and the county Sponnheim, the landgrave of Hessen, the margraves of Baden-Baden as the joint owner of and the county Sponnheim, the ruler zu Salm, the rulers zu Nassau, the counts of Waldeck, the counts of Hanau, the counts of Solms, the archbishop of Mainz as the joint owner of the county Königstein, the counts of Stolberg as the joint owner of the county Königstein, the counts of Ysenburg, the Wild-and Rheingrafen, the the counts of Leiningen, the counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein, the duke of Lothringen as the margrave of Nonemy and count Falkenstein, the counts of Wied as the counts of Kriechingen, the counts of Wartenberg, the counts of Velen as the masters of Bretzenheim, the counts of Oettingen-Katzenstein-Baldern as the masters of Dachstuhl, the barons of Waldbott-Bassenheim as master of Ollbrück, the imperial cities Speyer, Worms, Frankfurt am Main, Friedberg and Wetzlar. '''Upper Saxony''' The elector of Saxony and the dukes of Saxony, the elector of Brandenburg as the margrave of Brandenburg and duke of Pommern (Hinterpommern), the king of Sweden as the duke of Pommern (Vorpommern) the rulers of Anhalt, the ruler-abbess of Quedlinburg, the duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel as the owner of the former monastery Walkenried, the rulers and counts of Schwarzburg, the rulers and counts of Mannsfeld, the counts of Stollberg, the counts of Reuss, the counts of Schönburg. '''Lower-Rhine Westphalia''' The "Westphalian District" was created in 1500. It consisted of the region between the Weser and what would become the frontier with the Netherlands to the exception of Cologne which belonged to the Electoral Rhenish District. In 1548, the bishopric of Utrecht, the duchy of Geldern and the county of Zutphen were excluded from this District. Since the XVIIth century, the bishop of Münster acted as director of this District. The District consisted of: *duchies *Cleve whose duke was also elector of Brandenburg, ruler of Minden and count of Mark and Ravensburg *Jülich and Berg whose duke was also elector of the Pfalz *bishoprics **Münster **Paderborn **Osnabrück *Verden whose ruler was also king of Sweden *abbeys **Corvey ** Stablo and Malmedy **Werden **Cornelius-Münster **Essen **Thorn **Herford *Nassau-Diez *Ostfriesland *counties **Oldenburg and Delmenhorst whose ruler was also king of Denmark **Wied **Sayn whose count was also duke of Sachsen-Eisenach **Lippe **Bentheim **Hoya partly owned by elector of Braunschweig **Diepholz and Spiegelberg whose count was the elector of Braunschweig **Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg **Kauntz-Rietberg **Pyrmont whose count was also count of Waldeck **Bronkhorts **Gronsfeld **Reckheim whose count was also count of Aspremont-Linden **Holzapfel whose cout was also ruler of Anhalt-Bernburg-Hoym **Manderscheid **Blankenheim **Geroldstein **Schleiden whose count was also count of the Mark *Witten *Eis *Schlenacken *Anhalt whose master was also ruler of ruler of Salm *Virnburg and Beilstein whose master was also count Metternich *Gehmen whose master was also count of Limburg-Styrum *Gimborn and Neustadt whose master was also ruler of Schwarzenberg *Wickerad whose master was also baron of Quadt *Mylendonk whose master was also duke of Croy * Reichenstein whose master was also baron of Nesselrode *Gelnhausen which was bonded to the elector of Pfalz and to the count of Hanau *Imperial cities **Cologne **Aachen **Dortmund |- valign="top" |'''Dependencies'''||''n/a'' |- valign="top" |'''Rulers'''||At the time of the Seven years' War, the archduke of Austria was also the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. As such, he ruled a loose confederacy of German States. |- valign="top" |'''Army'''||The Holy Roman Empire 10 administrative '''Reichskreise''' (Imperial Districts) included a total of some 2,000 independent states and individuals. Precise regulations were established for the raising and maintenance of the so called ''[[Reichsarmee]] '' (the Empire's army). |- valign="top" |'''Navy'''||''none'' |} ==Map== ''not available yet'' == References == Boehm, E.; Rottgardt, D.: Die Reichsarmee 1757-1763 I. Teil. Zusammensetzung und Organisation, Manuskript, KLIO - Arbeitsgruppe 7jähriger Krieg, 1979 Boehm, E.; Rottgardt, D., Weirich, W.-D.: Die Reichsarmee 1757-1763 II. Teil. Die einzelnen Einheiten, ihre Stärke, Zusammensetzung, Uniform und Feldzeichen, Manuskript, KLIO - Arbeitsgruppe 7jähriger Krieg, o.J. Brabant, Arthur: Das heilige römische Reich teutscher Nation im Kampf mit Friedrich dem Großen, vol. I, II Berlin 1904, vol. III Dresden 1931 Deutsche Uniformen, Bd. 1, Das Zeitalter Friedrich des Großen, 240 Bilder von Herbert Knötel d. J., Text und Erläuterungen von Dr. Martin Letzius, hrsg. von der Sturm-Zigaretten GmbH, Dresden 1932 Knötel, R.: Uniformkunde, Lose Blätter zur Geschichte der Entwicklung der militärischen Tracht, Rathenow 1890-1921 Mittheilungen zur Geschichte der militärischen Tracht, Beilagen zum III.-XVIII. Band der Uniformkunde, hrsg. von Prof. Richard Knötel, fortgesetzt von Herbert Knötel d.J., 1892-1921, Band I und II. Zeitschrift für Heeres- und Uniformkunde, several volumes Die Zinnfigur, several volumes [[Category:State]]

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